P-codes: precautionary statements decoded

A P-code tells you what to do (or not do) with a substance. The GHS defines about 120 P-codes plus dozens of combined codes for common scenarios.

The four families

  • P1xx — general (e.g. "keep out of reach of children").
  • P2xx — prevention (before anything happens).
  • P3xx — response (spill, fire, exposure).
  • P4xx — storage.
  • P5xx — disposal.

Codes joined by "+" are combined statements. Example: P305+P351+P338 is the canonical "if in eyes" first-aid instruction and appears on almost every corrosive product.

Most common P-codes

CodeStatement
P201Obtain special instructions before use
P210Keep away from heat, hot surfaces, sparks, open flames
P220Keep away from clothing and other combustible materials
P233Keep container tightly closed
P241Use explosion-proof electrical equipment
P260Do not breathe dust / fume / gas / mist / vapours / spray
P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling
P270Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product
P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
P280Wear protective gloves / eye protection / face protection
P301+P310IF SWALLOWED: immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor
P303+P361+P353IF ON SKIN (or hair): take off contaminated clothing, rinse skin with water
P304+P340IF INHALED: remove to fresh air, keep comfortable for breathing
P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: rinse cautiously with water for several minutes, remove contact lenses
P308+P313IF exposed or concerned: get medical advice
P370+P378In case of fire: use appropriate extinguishing media
P403+P233Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed
P405Store locked up
P410Protect from sunlight
P501Dispose of contents / container in accordance with local regulations

Related reading

Results are indicative and for educational use. Verify against your institution's protocols and the manufacturer's SDS before any real-world use. Not valid as a regulatory label. Terms of use.